![]() ![]() Specifically, there have been significant reversals in the decline of state-based armed conflicts and deliberate campaigns of violence against civilians religious and environmental factors have played increasingly significant roles in a wide range of armed conflicts there has been a dramatic increase in the levels of popular protests across the continent as well as an exponential rise in the use of improvised explosive device (IED) attacks and suicide bombings. ![]() Since 2010, however, the continent has witnessed some disturbing upward conflict trends. 2 Nevertheless, between the early 1990s and the late 2000s, Africa underwent a period of significant progress in reducing the number and intensity of armed conflicts. 1 Explanations for this glut of armed conflicts in Africa remain the subject of debates. According to the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), there have been an estimated 630 state-based and nonstate armed conflicts on the continent between 19. ![]() Since the end of the Cold War, Africa has experienced a disproportionately large number of armed conflicts. ![]()
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